In humans euthanasia is restricted to compassion or “mercy” killing to relief the patient of an terminal disease or when life become too painful and with poor life expectative. Besides, euthanasia as a method to control the dog overpopulation has shown to be expensive and ineffective on long term. However, ethical issues arise when healthy dogs are killed or methods used for euthanasia are inhumane and against international standards. Under these two scenarios, euthanasia is employed as part of the strategy to overcome the surplus of this species. As consequence of its uncontrolled and logarithmic growth on its population, several strategies have been taken in both developed and developing countries. Dogs provide social and health benefits to humans but they may also be involved in social conflicts such as bites, zoonosis, destruction of ecosystems, etc. Since its domestication 12,000 to 15,000 years ago, they have been part of human evolution with increases on its population as humans settle down. Dogs share the same environment of humans and play an important role in their ecological adjustment.
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